Which of the following is an example that is NOT considered a pre-emergency social problem?

Family separation is often seen in the context of an emergency or disaster situation, rather than a pre-emergency social problem. Pre-emergency social problems are typically underlying issues that can exacerbate vulnerabilities in the event of a crisis. Extreme poverty, political oppression, and belonging to a marginalized group are all systemic problems that can increase an individual or community's risk during emergencies. These factors contribute to a lack of resources, support, and social cohesion, making it more challenging to respond effectively to disasters. In contrast, family separation may arise as a consequence of an emergency event (such as natural disasters, conflict, or displacement) rather than being a root cause that exists in the pre-emergency phase.