Which of the following is NOT an indirect impact on health from a volcanic eruption?

The focus here is on indirect impacts on health resulting from a volcanic eruption. Indirect impacts typically occur as a consequence of the eruption and its associated effects rather than as a direct result of the eruption itself or immediate physical harm.

In this context, injuries sustained from collapsed buildings, gastrointestinal problems due to ash contamination, and accidents caused by poor visibility due to ash fall all represent indirect health effects. These consequences arise from the conditions created by the eruption, such as structural damage and environmental changes, rather than from the eruption's immediate geological activity.

On the other hand, burying individuals under hot mudflows and lahars is a direct and immediately life-threatening consequence of the volcanic activity itself. This scenario represents a direct impact, as it involves being physically affected by the volcanic debris that flows or erupts from the volcano. Therefore, this option does not fit the category of indirect impacts on health.